Autism Diagnosis in Adults

If you’re an adult suspecting you may be on the autism spectrum, you’re not alone. Many people are diagnosed with autism later in life, often after years of struggling with misunderstood traits or behaviors. Seeking a diagnosis helps you better understand your condition and navigate the challenges of autism in adults.

Where to Seek an Autism Diagnosis for Adults

Before pursuing a diagnosis, you might wonder: Where do I go to get tested for autism? Who can diagnose autism in adults? And what services will be available to me after a diagnosis?

Start by researching healthcare providers in your area who specialize in adult autism assessments. Look for mental health professionals experienced in diagnosing autism, especially in adults, as autism in adults can present differently than in children. It’s also crucial to find someone who understands how autism manifests differently in women and gender-diverse individuals.

The two primary professionals who can conduct autism assessments are psychologists and psychiatrists. Both can perform standardized testing and provide a report, but their roles and the types of support they offer vary.

Psychologists vs. Psychiatrists: What’s the Difference?

Psychologists

• Role in Diagnosis: Psychologists trained in autism assessments can evaluate and diagnose autism using various tools. They also provide therapeutic support after diagnosis.
• Therapies and Support: Psychologists often use evidence-based treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help autistic adults manage challenges related to social communication, rigid behaviors, and social interactions.
• Post-Diagnosis Support: Psychologists can offer therapy sessions and a safe space to share your experiences.

Psychiatrists

• Role in Diagnosis: Psychiatrists focus on diagnosing mental health conditions and can assess autism in adults. As medical professionals, psychiatrists can prescribe medications but generally do not provide ongoing therapy.
• Medication Management: If medications are necessary (for conditions like ADHD, anxiety, or depression), a psychiatrist can prescribe and manage them. Psychiatrists typically refer patients to psychologists for therapy.

What to Expect During the Assessment

Autism assessments typically involve standardized diagnostic tools that evaluate various aspects of your behavior and communication. Common tools include:

• Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule – Second Edition (ADOS-2): This is the “gold standard” for diagnosing autism. It includes ten modules, four of which are specifically for adults. The test focuses on direct observation of your responses to social cues.
• Developmental, Dimensional, and Diagnostic Interview-Adult Version (3Di-Adult): This tool assesses social communication, interaction, interests, and behaviors.
• Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS): A 65-question test that measures the severity of autism-related social challenges.
• Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R): This interview focuses on language, communication, social interactions, and repetitive behaviors.

Co-occurring conditions and Additional Assessments

Many adults with autism experience co-occurring conditions, such as ADHD, anxiety, sensory sensitivities, or sleep disturbances. To fully understand your needs and potential interventions, you may also undergo other assessments, such as:

• Neurocognitive evaluations by a neuropsychologist are used to understand the relationship between the brain and behavior.
• Speech and language assessments by a speech-language pathologist.
• Movement assessments by an occupational therapist.

Signs and Symptoms of Autism

The signs of autism vary significantly from person to person. Some individuals may have more prominent social communication challenges, while others may experience more difficulties with sensory processing or rigid behaviors.

Social Communication Challenges

Adults with autism often face difficulties with:

• Making and maintaining conversations
• Reading non-verbal cues (e.g., facial expressions, body language)
• Maintaining eye contact
• Handling social anxiety or awkwardness in social situations

Restrictive or Repetitive Behaviors

• Routines: A strong preference for routine and discomfort with changes.
• Repetitive Actions: Engaging in repetitive movements or behaviors, like arranging objects in a specific order.
• Inflexibility: Difficulty adjusting to new situations and rigid thinking patterns.

Intense Interests

Many adults with autism develop intense interests in specific topics, such as:

• Math
• Science
• Art
• Music

These interests may be narrow but intensely focused, leading to expertise in certain areas.

Sensory Sensitivities

Adults with autism may experience hypersensitivity to sensory input, including:

• Bright lights
• Loud noises
• Certain smells or textures

Benefits of Getting an Autism Diagnosis

While not every adult with autism seeks a formal diagnosis, there are several benefits to receiving one:

• Validation and Understanding: A diagnosis can explain many of the challenges you’ve faced throughout life, especially if you’ve been misunderstood in social situations.
• Access to Resources: A diagnosis opens access to mental health support, workplace adjustments, and educational benefits for autistic people.
• Accurate Diagnosis: It can help distinguish autism from other conditions like ADHD, which may have similar symptoms to autism.
• Support for Loved Ones: Family and friends can better understand your experiences, enhancing relationships and providing more substantial support.

Navigating Post-Diagnosis: Support and Resources

After receiving an autism diagnosis, various support services and resources are available, such as:

Therapy and Mental Health Support

Many autistic adults experience co-occurring mental health conditions, such as anxiety or depression. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is often used to help manage challenges unique to autism, such as rigid thinking patterns and social anxiety.

Vocational Rehabilitation

Workplace challenges, such as sensory sensitivities, can make it difficult for autistic adults to thrive in specific environments. Vocational rehabilitation services can help you explore educational opportunities, volunteer work, or career changes. Employers can also make adjustments to support neurodiverse employees.

Peer Support

Connecting with other autistic individuals can provide comfort and new strategies for managing challenges. Many communities offer peer support groups, both online and in person, where you can exchange experiences and resources.

Medication Management

For some, medications may help manage symptoms such as anxiety, ADHD, or other co-occurring conditions.

Finding Support in Your Community

The journey to a diagnosis can be overwhelming, but remember, you are not alone. In developed countries, numerous community resources can help guide you through the process. Seek autism support groups, peer networks, and advocacy organizations to understand your diagnosis better and connect with others.

Limited resources in developing countries mean families often provide essential support for loved ones with autism. Understanding autism and learning to advocate is key to offering the best support. Connecting with local or online support groups can also help navigate these challenges.